Background

Activity 2: Strengthening Habitat Connectivity for a Changing Climate
Climate change is already reshaping forests across Ontario, and how plants and wildlife move through the landscape matters more than ever.
When forests are broken up by roads, agriculture, or urban development, it becomes harder for species to spread, adapt, and survive. Over time, this can reduce biodiversity and make ecosystems more vulnerable to stress.
Along the Niagara Escarpment, these pressures are especially visible. Many native tree species, like sugar maple, white pine, and red oak, don’t naturally spread very far. That makes nearby, connected habitats essential for healthy forests.
Through this project, Vineland Research and Innovation Centre (Vineland) is working with the Bruce Trail Conservancy (BTC) to find practical ways to reconnect landscapes and support stronger, more resilient forests.

Goal

To strengthen forest resilience across BTC lands by improving connections between habitats and supporting healthy, diverse ecosystems that can adapt to a changing climate.

Objectives

  • Identify key areas where habitat connections can be improved across BTC lands
  • Understand how surrounding land uses affect forest health and movement of species
  • Highlight practical, achievable opportunities to reconnect forests and reduce fragmentation
  • Support native tree species and overall ecosystem health through informed restoration actions.
  • Provide clear guidance to help prioritize conservation and restoration efforts.

Outcomes

  • Identified priority opportunities to strengthen habitat connections across all nine sections of the Bruce Trail
  • Found that the most effective actions are often local and practical, such as restoring small areas or buffering existing forests
  • Showed that improving connections between nearby habitats can have a meaningful impact on forest health
  • Highlighted the importance of protecting existing forests, especially in areas with higher development pressures
  • Created a clear, science-based approach to help guide future restoration and conservation work.

What’s Next?

Activity 3: Climate-Smart Restoration Best Practices
  • Develop restoration guidance for deciduous forests, mixed forests, and mixed meadows
  • Integrate climate projections into species selection and planting strategies
  • Support adaptive restoration approaches that enhance long-term ecosystem resilience along the Niagara Escarpment.

Want to read about Activity 1: Projecting Future Climate Conditions & Assessing Canopy Tree Migration?